Highlights
- •Cervical dystonia (CD) and tremor-dominant parkinsonian patients (TD-PD) did not differ on executive functioning.
- •CD and TD-PD show similar retrospective memory abilities.
- •Deficit of time-based prospective memory was observed in both CD and TD-PD.
- •TBPM deficit is associated with executive dysfunctions only in TD-PD.
Abstract
Cervical Dystonia (CD) and Parkinson’s disease, particularly tremor-dominant motor
phenotype (TD-PD), showed a selective deficit of time-based prospective memory (TBPM).
The two movement disorders are mainly characterized by dysfunctions of basal-ganglia
and prefrontal cortex but it is reported that cerebellum also plays a key role in
their pathogenesis. These cerebral structures are specifically involved in TBPM rather
than in event-based PM (EBPM), but until now no study directly compared these two
components of PM between CD and TD-PD patients. Therefore, the present study aimed
at investigating if differences in PM functioning between CD and TD-PD patients might
exist and if the type of movement disorder moderated the relationship between deficit
of PM and deficit of executive functions and retrospective memory.
Thirty TD-PD, 27CD patients and 29 healthy subjects (HCs), matched for demographic
features, underwent neuropsychological tests for PM, executive functions, retrospective
memory and self-rated questionnaires.
The three groups did not differ on neuropsychological variables except for TBPM where
TD-PD and CD patients performed worse than HCs; moreover, TD-PD performed worse than
CD patients. Moderation analysis indicated that the type of movement disorder moderated
the relationship between executive dysfunction and TBPM, but not EBPM.
In conclusion, selective deficit of TBPM characterizes both CD and TD-PD but it is
associated with executive dysfunction only in TD-PD. It might be possible to speculate
that the involvement of the cerebellum, responsible for internal timing processes,
could explain the impairment of TBPM in both movement disorders. This issue deserves
to be explored in future neuroimaging studies.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
March 9,
2021
Received:
September 13,
2020
Identification
Copyright
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