Highlights
- •3D printing has been rarely used to model AVMs because of their complexity, especially for the whole and colorful model.
- •Each AVM model included the nidus, the feeding arteries, the draining veins, the sinuses, the adjacent principal arteries, and the skull.
- •The models were employed to plan surgical and endovascular treatments.
Abstract
To develope a colored realistic AVM model using three-dimensional (3D) printing for
surgical planning and research. Raw computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic
resonance venography (MRV) data were integrated and used for reconstruction. Each
AVM model included the nidus, the feeding arteries, the draining veins, the sinuses,
the adjacent principal arteries, and the skull. The models were employed to plan surgical
and endovascular treatments. Surgical feedback was obtained using a survey. Five AVM
cases were included. The AVMs and the models thereof did not differ significantly
in terms of length, width, or height, as measured via magnetic resonance imaging (all
p > 0.05). The 3D AVM models were thus accurate. The overall score on the questionnaire
survey was >4 point; the model thus aided the planning of interventional surgery.
All surgeons were confident that the 3D models reflected the true lesional boundaries.
Our 3D-printed intracranial AVM models were accurate, and can be used for preoperative
planning and training of residents. The models improved surgeons’ understanding of
AVM structure, reducing operative time.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 14, 2020
Accepted:
April 27,
2020
Received:
March 19,
2020
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
