Highlights
- •Cigarette smoking consists of numerous compounds harmful to health.
- •The purpose of this study was to evaluate visual perception in tobacco addiction.
- •These results suggests that tobacco addiction affected visual perception.
- •This highlights the importance of understanding the diffuse effects of smoking on visual processing.
Abstract
This study, an extension of Fernandes et al. (2017), provided consistent contrast
sensitivity function (CSF) measurements in a large sample. CSF was assessed for luminance
stimuli in different 48 chronic smokers and 50 healthy nonsmokers. Stimuli for the
CSF were Gabor patches with spatial frequencies of .2, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 cycles
per degree (cpd). The use of Gabor patches minimizes uncertainty in spatial position
and detection of frequencies. The Gabor patches consisted of vertical gratings that
were multiplied by a two-dimensional spatial Gaussian envelope. All of the groups
were matched for gender and level of education. All of the participants were free
from any neurological disorder, cardiovascular disease, and identifiable ocular disease,
and they had normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity. No abnormalities were detected
on the fundoscopic examination or optical coherence tomographic examination. The smoker
group had a lower CSF compared with healthy nonsmokers at all spatial frequencies.
These results indicate that cigarette smoking or chronic exposure to its constituent
compounds affects early-stage visual discrimination, suggesting the existence of deficits
in early visual spatial processing in smokers.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 05, 2018
Accepted:
August 13,
2018
Received:
April 19,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
