Highlights
- •Domain specific cognitive disturbances are present in Parkinson’s disease (PD).
- •Intact executive, attention and memory domains characterise PD without dementia.
- •Deficits in several cognitive domains characterise dementia in PD.
Abstract
Impairment in different cognitive domains such as executive functions, language, memory
and visuospatial skills occur frequently in Parkinson disease (PD) leading to significant
disability and deterioration in quality of life. Heterogeneity of cognitive impairment
enhances risk of developing dementia as disease progress. The objective is to explore
the pattern of cognitive impairment with reference to the affected domains in PD with
or without dementia relative to healthy controls. In this study, 110 PD patients and
26 healthy control were categorized into groups using Mini Mental State Examination
and Clinical Dementia Rating scores as PD without dementia (PDND, n = 65; MMSE score
>24; CDR = 0–1), PD with dementia (PDD, n = 45; MMSE score ≤24; CDR = 0.5–3) and healthy
control (HC, n = 26; MMSE score >26; CDR = 0). Both Patients and controls underwent
individual assessments of working memory, semantic memory, attention, language, executive
functions, psychomotor and visuospatial skills and dementia using different cognitive
function tests. Findings revealed lower scores of word memory, attention, psychomotor
speed, visuospatial skills and executive functions in PDD compared to PDND. Interestingly,
in PDD scores of picture memory, semantic memory and language functions were comparable
with PDND. Compared to HC, PDND had no impairment in working memory, attention and
executive functions, whereas PDD had lower scores in all the cognitive domains tested.
Results indicate that the deficits in word memory, attention, psychomotor speed, visuospatial
skills and executive functions distinguishes PDD from PDND. Impairment in specific
cognitive domains may be a biomarker for predicting onset of dementia in Parkinson’s
disease.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 24, 2018
Accepted:
August 13,
2018
Received:
April 9,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
